The Impacts of Applying Cobalt and Chitosan with Various Water Irrigation Schemes at Different Growth Stages of Corn on Macronutrient Uptake, Yield, and Water Use Efficiency

Abstract While previous studies have demonstrated the positive effects of low cobalt (CB) levels and chitosan (CH) on yield nutrient status, information about their individual combined applications plants under stress is still lacking. Therefore, we conducted a study to investigate CB CH impacts mitigating water during growth stages corn macronutrient uptake yield. Four irrigation schemes were employed, including (1) control (full irrigation), (2) 70% vegetative stage, (3) flowering (4) 85% both stages. The treated with (7.5 mg l −1 ) injected into foliar application (500 ), while distilled was used as control. Plants that exposed stage CB, or those subjected CH, showed increased growth, which had effect use efficiency. However, when applied in combination, potential enhance these features depended pattern adopted. Overall, effective stress, particularly stage. This approach resulted highest yield, uptake, efficiency, tolerance index.